Circular Ring - Temperature Expansion Calculate ring (or pipe) diameter expansion or contraction when temperature changes. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. Requirement is based on minimum flow in GPM from each sprinkler. 25 to 0. 0. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. (10-6 in/ (in oF)) Admiralty Brass. 87, or about 2. 8 Steel Plain Finish 0. K-Factor Three-Phase DOE 2016 Efficiency, Aluminum. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. The PVC pipe calculation are made with the Online Hazens-Williams Calculator with a roughness coefficient c = 145. Let's calculate the K-factor for a metal sheet having a thickness of 1 \text { mm} 1 mm and bent to an angle of 90^\circ 90∘. Notes：. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. However, this steel can be cold. tK = tC + 273. 17 K = 0. 0. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. 3-0. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. 5 = 6. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. The spring bacK-Factor, commonly denoted by Ks, is the relation between the initial and final angles. K-factor Calculator. The range of Machinability is vast and spans from about 40% for difficult to machine steels, such as bearing steel ( SAE 52100 / DIN 100Cr6) up to Ledloy free-cutting steel (SAE 12L14 / DIN 9SMnPb36) that has a machinability rate of about 170%. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. k = 0. Material. 008-0. Derating factor at 482°F (250°C) is 0. oCompDef = ThisDoc. Δ p minor_loss = ξ ρ f v 2 / 2 (1) . k. Bending Allowance = A*π/180* (R+K*T) BA – Bend Allowance. We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. Stainless Steel 316 . 04 Type of Fitting K Value Disk or Wobble Meter 3. /in. T = material thickness. 16: Miscellaneous Data: Applied Load: Tensile: lb?Nominal K-factor: 25. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. Canvas belt, stitched, on steel. Where: T = Target Input Torque (ft-lb) This is your input torque from your torque wrench determined by your specified torque. The term “schedule” refers to the minimum wall thickness of the steel pipe. Just select a k factor according to your material from the table below. (matched to stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum), alloy materials, and solder configurations. Mark a fold line exactly in the center. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. Look up the steel's density. Therefore it is important to have the value correct in CAD software. 20% for various metals, is popular among engineers. 1 lists ferrous and nonferrous metalRelated Resources: materials Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart. Stainless Alloy 17-7PH: 11. while stainless steel plates can. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. f = Friction Factor. r = k / d h = (0. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. 2. The K factor. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. K Factor: 8. 0. It is mainly used for its excellent corrosion and temperature resistance and is especially valued for applications in the marine and chemical processing industries. 2, θ / σ 0. Greater resistance to the elements than 304 stainless. 2 mil per year on Type 316L stainless steel in aluminum-zirconium process first cycle. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. How To Use Sheet Metal Flat Length Calculator. However, bottom. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. 45 – 0. 64 x 19. See full size image. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. Approvals. . 33 to . (oF) Thermal Expansion. 8 billion tons produced per year. 20-0. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. i use inventor and have now got astoundingly accurate components to these k factors. 6mm (24- gauge), weighing about 136 tonnes. Insulation characteristics. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. n. Lead- and nickel-free anti-seize paste used to reduce wear and optimize friction of threaded fasteners, or other metal-to-metal joints, enabling nondestructive dismantling, even after long exposure to high temperatures. 15%, and the minimum chromium content is only 1% less than 304. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. As an example, a 0. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. . 01. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. Transition: 5 < u*ε/ν ≤ 70. com K factor depends on material, thickness and machine. So what is the perfect K Factor for the Mild Steel and Stainless Steel? The “K” factor variation ranging from 0. by：East King 2020-08-30. Lodgement Spring: Stainless Steel Pin: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel Cover Plate: Steel Installation Wrench: Ductile Iron Cover Plate Finishes: • Chrome plated • White painted •. 0 K-factor Stain - less Steel Pendent Sprinkler cannot be installed in a recess pendent arrangement. AISI 316 Stainless Steel (UNS S31600) AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) is the second most commonly used austenitic stainless steel. 11 to 0. Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (Excel) BEND DEDUCTION; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 22Our market analysis draws on our multi-commodity capabilities across nickel, ferroalloys and steel to provide an in-depth examination of stainless steel flat products globally. 2 (16. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). As a general rule of thumb, one can associate the following k-factors with the following: k-factor of 7: Aluminum; k-factor of 5: Steel; k-factor of 3: Welds; SN-Curve adjustments due to Mean Stress. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). A spring bacK-Factor of Ks=1 means there is. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. Compute the friction factor of a circular pipe based on Churchill's equation with this online calculator. Another way to calculate this value is with the K-factor or Y-factor. This per-. MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. Our bend radius rule of thumb is the minimum radius = material thickness. Relative roughness can be expressed as. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. 75–1°. steel research international is a metallurgy journal for the research and development of steel and related materials. Guidelines for stainless steel selection; BS EN ISO 9223 Atmospheric Corrosion Class Typical outdoor environment Suitable stainless steel; C1 (Very low) Deserts and arctic areas (very low humidity) 1. 0×10⁻⁶ / K. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. Swagelok Tube Fittings Up to 1 in . (125 Pa) for different sizes and lengths are shown in Table 402. 2. K – constant. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. Canvas belt, woven, on steel. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. 5; H32 aluminum is 3. F1FR40 Standard Spray Sprinkler. (5. 16. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. Similarly, if it is. Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. A premium formulation for a wide variety of applications over a wide temperature range. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. Monel® is an alloy of nickel and copper that was first developed for commercial use in 1905. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. The following datasheet gives more details about grade 317 stainless steel. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. The thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is 19 W/(m K) and the thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. It contains tenacious metals, oils and graphite materials. k = roughness of duct, pipe or tube surface (m, ft)Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. A common example of this is austenitic stainless steel/ferritic steel pipe butt joints used in energy-conversion plants. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. The k-factor is just a multiplier that provides a precise estimate of the new position of the neutral axis. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. The K-factor is defined as the distribution of the component between the hydrate and the gas ( Carroll, 2014 ): (8. 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. 1 in (inch) = 25. Thermal Expansion 9 mm/m/°C. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. 000005 : Seamless commercial steel (new) 0. This steel is known for its good corrosion resistance and formability, coupled with practical mechanical properties. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0. 446 inch. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. 0 lb/ft. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. sliding (slip between surfaces) where μ s is the coefficient of static friction and μ k is the coefficient of kinetic friction. Davis. The internal roughness of a pipe is an important factor when considering the friction losses of a fluid moving through the pipe. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. Take the bend allowance as 2. The K factor formula is K factor = /T. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Gauge table/bend table combination. 33 K factor 0. This issue can be overcome with annealing. 04 0. Subcategory: Ferrous Metal; Metal; Stainless Steel; T 300 Series Stainless Steel Key Words: UNS S31600, SS316, 316SS, AISI 316, DIN 1. The indicated residual pressures are based on the nominal K-factor. 2% carbon and other alloying elements. R. 8 mm mild steel sheet with a 0. Multiply the volume with density to get the 12 mm steel weight:300 K vacuum vessels but care must be taken that breaks. 8 meter per square second) D = Diameter of. They consist about 4-30% of chromium. The SUS445 stainless steel contains small. μ = static (μ s) or kinetic (μ k) frictional coefficient. 0. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . relieved thermally or mechanically. KC Curve Factor (MC) The MC constant indicates how KC varies as the chip thickness gets further away from the normalized point of 1 mm. 18: Cadmium-Plated: 0. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 20 percent - 304 stainless steel; 15 percent - Cold-rolled steel; 15 percent - 5052 H32 Aluminum;LOCTITE® LB 771™ is a silver, thick, metallic heavy-duty, high temperature, nickel-based anti-seize lubricant paste. The Machinability is mainly affected by: Carbon (C): 0. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. The density of stainless steel 304 is 7. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. 14 0. Jul 27, 2018. 3T; Minimum size of Z-shaped bend: Z = W/2 + 2T + 1; The deduction coefficients for cold-rolled steel plate, aluminum-zinc coated plate, stainless steel plate, electrolytic plate, and aluminum plate are the same; Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. DIN 6912-8. 4301/1. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. 1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. From and is defaulted at . Virgin steel 1kg = 3. The emissions factor when calculating the carbon footprint of steel per kg is: Iron metal (steel) 1kg = 1. 00 Conversion Gas GWP GWP N2O kg 0%298. MRR = . Bumax 88 Stainless Steel 316L stainless steel with a high molybdenum content offering corrosion resistance similar to 316 stainless steel. 15. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. 0015 10 -3 m) / (0. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. 678 W/m 2 K = 4. Along with it they also learn the concept of fracture toughness. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. , New York) it is the equivalent of the bend allowance and serves the same function. Metal. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. become more important for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members. The Math /. Carbon steel and stainless steel Y strainers are offered in sizes for 1/4" to 10" in pipelines FEATUrES • Heavy Duty Construction • Compact Design • Bolted or Threaded Covers • Standard Stainless Steel Screens OPTIONS • Perforated Stainless Steel Screens - 1/32" to 1/2" • 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 325 and 400 Mesh Stainless. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. The allowable pressure in a 4 inch schedule 40 carbon steel pipe with outside diameter 4. where: BA = bend allowance. Factor 1 sensors are readily available in stainless steel versions rated up to IP69K for high pressure and temperature washdown, so it is likely a version will be available to fit most applications. DIN 911 / ISO 2936. 5–1°. 01 m) = 0. 432, R=plate thickness, unfold size can accurate to 0. & Yu, W. 3 in. 0. F1FR80VdS Series Quick-Response Sprinkler. 3 - 1. View Article. It is used in applications with an operating range of -65° to +2,400°F (-54°C to. Conductive Heat Transfer through a Stainless Steel Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm - temperature difference 80 o C. 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. The. Finally, use the formula for thermal expansion:. v = Velocity of the incompressible fluid. WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive. 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. 2. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. 6 and 8. Generally, when design the sheet metal parts, the min inner R=thickness/2, if less than that, the grooving (V-cutting) will be required to solve the. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. It resists galling and corrosion and reduces wear in heavy pressure applications. 78 Pipe Entrance Flush Sharp-Edged 0. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. K Factor. Friction loss and velocity diagrams - in imperial (psi/100 ft, ft/s) and SI (Pa/100m, m/s) units. 4301/1. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. From the part’s edge, dimples. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. Hust, J. Carbon and Mild Steel. works across most material types. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us,. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. 3572×10-3 m3. 0. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. . 7K-Factor. The linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is dependent on the material from which an object is made. ASME. 318, which is not a terrible starting place for sheet metal design. 10. For 18- and 20-ga. A black body is a material that is a perfect emitter of heat energy and has an emissivity value of 1. K factor synonyms, K factor pronunciation, K factor translation, English dictionary definition of K factor. units by 10. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. Bend allowance chart for SPCC (mild steel) 2. . 115 0. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. The constant volume law. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . EOS StainlessSteel 316L for EOS M 290 | 40 µm Process Information. 2. 33 K factor 0. 6 times the aluminum plate. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C) = 680000 (W/m 2 ) = 680 (kW/m 2 ) From VDI2230-1 [3], friction coefficient of dry austenitic stainless steel bolt is >= 0. ) 3. 6 8-32 Stainless Steel Fasteners Material Length of Thread Engagement (in) Experimental Torque Applied (in-lb) Calculated Torque From Tables (in-lb) 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” between 57-60 77. Liner profiles The degree of thermal bridging due to the liner profilesafety-factor systems: Further tighten the nut until the tube will not turn by hand or move axially in the fitting. But when it comes to entering K Factor for Mild Steel and Stainless Steel it gets confusing as this affects the blank size. Fracture toughness. Abrasion, impact, & chemical resistant. Pipe Size. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. 4162 C2 (Low) Arid or low pollution (rural) 1. If you get a message that says inserting a bend table may cause the developed length of the flat pattern to change, click Yes. NIKAL contains no graphite, which is a benefit on stainless steel applications when temperatures exceed 550°F, as graphite can carburize the steel causing the steel to become much more susceptible to intergranular corrosion. Hot food in stainless steel containers. For instance, 304 stainless steel forms a radius 20 to 22 percent of the die width, while a radius in 5052-H32 aluminum forms at 13 to 15 percent of the width. Usually, we secure the screws with Loctite 242. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. Step 6 Calculate the entire friction loss for the pipe including the fittings in this case only 90° bends but normally it also includes valves, reducers, equipment etc. 01. 6. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. To find the thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient: Select the mode of heat transfer, conduction and convection (on both sides). K-Factor Bend Table. While the sheet metal’s inner surface contracts, the exterior expands. Peterson, Stress- Concentration Factors, Wiley, New York, 1974, pp. One item of note: The K factor found in the "Machinists Handbook" (Industrial Press Inc. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. 33 K factor 0. 33 K factor 0. (11,1 mm) below the deflector (see Figure 2). , in. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. The common techniques for calculating "accurate" flat patterns involve using bend deduction tables or the K-factor. Stainless Steel 404. R. 6% max), copper (). Y factor considers the internal stress. J. It is the thermal resistance of unit area of a material. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. °K-1. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. The K-factor (usually between 0. Food grade anti-seize compounds are manufactured from white oil and include extreme pressure (EP) additives. g = Universal Gravitational constant. 3. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. r = k / d h (1) where. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. Click here for a Gauge to mm Conversion Chart . 6 8. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless is a nickel-free anti-seize paste specifically designed for stainless steel, nimonic and silver-coated fasteners, particularly those subjected to high temperatures for long periods in the aerospace, automotive and power generation industries. Now what? What. Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth. 62. Value(“Custom”, “kFac”) = kFac This writes. R. 7709. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. Steel is an iron alloy that contains between 0. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. The lowest expansion is found in the iron-nickel alloys such as Invar. K-Factors for TX series flow meters are valid ONLY for meters purchased after January 1, 2011. 063 0. Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. 3. 16. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc e with EN 10088-2:2005, except for heThe thickness of sheet metal is also an important factor, and it can range from extremely thin to several centimeters. 079 0. 304 Stainless Steel. 36 N in air, wear surfaces are covered by oxide films and fine and thin wear particles of 0.